Housekeeping structures



y 1956 c. D. WlLLSON HOUSEKEEPING STRUCTURES 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 FiledMarch 8 1951 C. D. WILLSQN HOUSEKEEPING STRUCTURES May 1, 1956 6Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 8. 1951 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March 8, 1951May 1, 1956 Filed March 8, 1951 C- D. WILLSON HOUSEKEEPING STRUCTURES 6Sheets-Sheet 4 y 1956 c. D. WILLSON 2,743,955

HOUSEKEEPING STRUCTURES Filed March 8, 1951 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 I INVENTORCORW/N 0. W/LLSO/V,

y 1, 1956 c. D. WILLSON HOUSEKEEPING STRUCTURES 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 FiledMarch 8 1951 m m m M a W W United States Patent 2;14s,'95s V fHoUsEKE-Enms m m 'Corwin n. Willson, Flint, Mich. ApplicationMamh8,4951, SerialNo. ,2 14,s42 l-s cldims. Roma's-2 3 makes use of \thedrawingsof my co-pending application,

primary concern is centered on -aspects of the invention either notpreviouslyshown or not previously clearly described and claimed.

- As here used, the term (space-saving housekeeping structure airnsfarbeyond whatappears to have been the objectives of thecampcarsof priorart; here the term relates to means implementing "standards of dwellingcomfort and-decencyclose to those .Americansexpect in fixed 2,743,955Patented -May .1, 195$ i of a road vehicle body, such as a floor-coveredbottom frame the topside of this portion extending from tend to oppositeend of the body at different levels, the Smidpart of the topside at alower level between:substantialoppohouses: -i. .e., provision for ii-transit .group activity or relaxationandforthe .samedegree ofindividual privacy to be experienced in a three bedroomkitchenette andbath apartment. In the endeavor .to reach toward similar objectivestoday s trailer coaches have attained nearly the maximum lengths legal.for-road vehicles on the public highways. Yet .a trailer coach long,together with hitch and family towcar add upto a lengthof over 50' andeven this length, now awkward-and-often dangerous to manipulate overabruptly curved roads inhilly .terrain, is in process :of beingexceeded. Moreover, the violent lurching of. such .long :bodiesdiscourages .in-tra'nsit human occupancy. In consequence,-such vehiclesbecome fam- .ily dwellings and housekeeping structures only when parked.Thus, :the primary object of the invention-is the concentration .closelyon opposite sides of the transverse center axis of an automotiveroadvehicle body of a spacesaving housekeeping structure which combinesadequate means of in-transitfhabitabilitffor -an-entire family ofaboveAmerican .averagesize (i. e. 4 8.persons) with adequate means ofin-transit individual activity, repose and privacy, the structureincluding a 'transverse bulkhead separating }in-transit cooking means.on one side of that axis from, a family dining nook-on the'oppositeside, and a berth bottom separating in-transit means for'the'horizontalrepose of two persons from a lower double berth converted from the seatcushions of. said dining nook: the entire road vehicle 'body shell"having little .more than one-half the .total length of the'trailercoach and towcar above mentioned and below' 3'0' feet.

Another object of the inventionis a space-saving housekeeping structureconcentrated in the lowest-slung, smoothest riding and safest portion ofa road vehicle body that is swaybacked between fore and aft roadwheels:said portion having a total length between abruptly upwardextendingparts of the body bottom less than twice the maximum body width legal ofcommon passage on the highway. The'term swaybacked as used herein shall'beurrderstood to be descriptive'o'f-a rigid bottom portion site lengthsat higher level. .The'l'term swaybacked:lis thus used figurativelyrelative to an engiheeredstructure as Mark Twain in Tramps Abroad didinhis *expressidn swaybacked tunnels, where sway'backed :related not toany structural weakness but merely to .aneasily ualized form wherein alength of tunnel extended attlower level between two substantial lengthsathig'her-levels.

I Another object of the invention 'iswa;housekeeping structure includingan inner supporting framework-spaced from opposite sides andfromopposite ends-10f an outer supported shell, a primary :member of theframework extending in the bottom'of the s'hellzand between the innersides of and beyond pairs of wheelwells spacednforeand aft and-onopposite sidesof the shell and-each wheelw'ell atadistance fromthenearest end ofthe shell, and opposite upright ends of the frameworkconsisting of several posts concentrated crosswise of the body betweenand extending below-the tops of said pairs to'support a lengthwisecentral area'of the top of said shell vdirectly on-said primary memberand'largely independent of said'opposite sides.

Another object of the invention :is a-body bottom specially ballasted incompensation in a Wheeled holisekeeping structure forberths occupiedhigh above the body center of gravity and tending except for specialballast to be topheavy in rough transits 1 Another object of theinvention-is -a housekeeping structure having aroad vehicle body bottom'includinga ;sill around opposite sides and end'portio'ns thereof and asingle keelson-like backbone extending between said ends in the Vlengthwise :center axis of the 'bottom, and widely spaced crossmembersextending between said-opposite sides and each cros'smember having amidsec'tion caught through'a transversely open space :between rigid topand bottom members of the backbone; and a fioorover'saidbackbone andsaid crossrnembers and said sill, the topsideiofisaid floor extendingcentrally of said bottom at a level 'below the bottomsides of saidopposite end portions *of said bottom. 1

Another object of the invention is a lo'W-slu'nghousekeeping structurein a road vehicle body directly entered from a door in the 'side of thebody widely spaced from opposite ends thereof, the structureincludingceilings at "upper and lower levels on opposite sides of thedoorway and a pair of berths having -bottomsconsisting of .said ceilingsat upper levels.

These and other novel features and objects ofthe invention arehereinafter more fully described 'an'tl claimed,

and the preferred form of such space-saving housekeeping structures isshown in the accompanying drawings, in

which: V i

Fig. 1 is a floor plan of thelower story of the housekeeping structure.

' Fig. 2 is a floor plan of the upperstoryof the housekeeping structure.

Fig. 3 is in part a longitudinal section of the structure taken on'line33 of Fig. l.

Fig. 4 is a plan of the substructure ofbody-o'f 'therstruc- "ture andincludes the chassis.

taken on line 7-7 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 13 is a floor plan of an alternate housekeeping structure madeaccording to the invention.

Fig. 14 is a floor plan of the upper story of structure shown in Fig.13.

Fig. 15 is a side view, partly in section, of the structure shown inFigs. 13 and 14.

Fig. 16 is a plan of the chassis and substructure of the structure ofFig. 15.

Fig. 17 is a transverse section taken on line 17--17 of Fig. 16.

Fig. 18 is a cross section on transverse center line z-t of the trailerlooking toward the rear thereof.

The preferred form of housekeeping structure has a rigid outer shell 1interiorly subdivided for maximum use of the space enclosed and for themaximum in-transit comfort and safety of its occupants in passage overrough terrain. Not more than two steps up from the roadbed, door 2centrally in the side of shell 1 gives direct entrance into the mainlounge A which is a combined sitting and dining room and, as hereinafterexplained, sleeping room. In-a-door cabinet 3 serves as opening closurefor utility and storage closet 4 containing a hot water storage tank 5in insulated covering 6 and shelves 7 above storage tank 8 for fluidwastes and vented by double stack 9 adjacent exterior covering 10 forshell 1. Chairs 11 stand one at either side of dresser 12 having apull-out segment 13 that serves as writing desk or table top. Spaceddouble seats 14 provide dining nook adjacent windows 15 on oppositesides of demountable table top 16, one end held by wall hooks 17. theopposite end suspended by leg 18 from ceiling hereinafter described.Back cushions 19 are used to convert table-facing double seats 14 into aPullman double berth when desired and in a manner old in the art.Cushions of seats 14 are hereinafter referred to as a bed components, asare elements of tiltdown bed in compartment D' hereinafter described.

Up three risers 20, forward end deck B, also called intermediate deck,stitfens intermediate side parts of columns or posts 21 which arelaterally connected with the outwardly bulging sides of shell 1 byVertical weblike ties 22 which thus have the character of bulkheadsdividing deck B into two parts, the forward part housing a pair ofdouble driving seats 23 which, in a manner not here shown, aremanipulatable to provide another berth. Seats 23 face transparentwindshield24, instrument panel 25 and steering wheel 26. The rearwardpart of deck B comprises wall cabinet 27, wrap closet 28 and four morerisers 20 to the upper deck floor or story. The seven risers 20 will bereferred to as the front stairway and it is apparent that the foredeck Bis an enlarged landing in this stairway.

At the mainfloor level and between lounge A and foredeck B is insulatingscreen 29 for combustion chamber 30 of space-heater having exhaust pipe31 and surrounded by a heat-exchange drum hereinafter described. Asliding door in hollow wall 33 may be used to wholly separate lounge Afrom kitchenette or galley C containing worktop dresser 34, cupboards 35and canopy 36 with vent 37 for cookstove 38. A refrigerator with worktop39 stands beside sink 40 that fits like a tray demountably into the topof one of the double laundry tubs 41 beside mechanical washer having tub42 adjacent wringer 43 and under demountable worktop 44.

Up three risers 45, rear end deck D has chairs 46 facing cabinet 47 withdrop-leaf tabletop 48 above hatch 49. Down one riser 50 from after deckD is bathroom E with fixed floor 51 having sequentially removablesections 52 resting on flange 53 of the body-bathing receptacle-here ashallow 5 foot tub below the level of floor 51. Hinges 54 permit aperson entering bathroom E, which has a total floor area only slightlyexceeding that occupied in the average fixed house by the stock bathtub,to fold back part of the floor, step down into the tub, fold up theremovable sections 52 and place them on the adjacent seat of toilet 55before bathing. Water heater 56 for tank 5 is vented in stack 9.Removable lavatory tray 57 stands on top of laundry tub 41 in niche 58in wall between kitchenette C and bathroom E, wall parts of niche 58being attached to lavatory 57 so that they and sink 40 are removable tomake laundry tubs directly accessible on washdays. Stoppered wasteoutlets 59 may drain directly into the tub compartments or be fittedwith short waste-pipes (not shown) having resilient stoppered lower endspushable down into the waste outlets for said compartments. Bothlavatory 57 and toilet stool 55 stand at levels for effective use fromfloor 51 and above sections 52.

The midportion of the body extends from the foredeck to the afterdeckand has an upper floor extending lengthwise between opposite end decksat less than story height above the lower mainfloor of the body. Up fourrisers 45 from afterdeck D is the upper story. The seven risers 45 willbe referred to as the rear stairway and it is apparent that theafterdeck is an enlarged landing in this stairway.

The upper story comprises two rooms, front bedroom F and back bedroom G,each room extending wholly across the body and having a length equal tothe width of the body and each containing a double legless bedlike berth60 with end shelves 61, clothes-hanging space or closet 62, dresser 63and chair 64. Doors 65 ensure individual privacy while permitting egressfrom either bedroom by either front or rear stairway. Bathroom E,insulated by closet 4 and kitchenette C from lounge A is thus accessibleto occupants of bedrooms and both end decks without passing through thelounge, and danger of being trapped by fire at levels above themainfloor is reduced to a minimum.

The problem of heating a moving body is different from that of heating aparked body and the heating and ventilating of my housekeeping structuremust be equally effective under both conditions. Circulation of heatedfresh outside air inside the body is obtained by the inventionautomatically .by the forward movement of the body forcing thiscirculation. The part played in this by ducts 66 will be hereinafterexplained. Duct 67 joins an intake 68 for exterior air and an intake 69for interior air with drum 32. Electric motor 70 attached to blower-fanhousing 71 is positioned in duct 67 as seen in Fig. 3. Fresh exteriorair under high pressure and velocity under the swift forward movement ofbody 1, is deflected by airscoop opening closure 72 for intake 68 intoduct 67 and downwardly through drum 32 which has lower opening 73 nearfloor 74 of foredeck B. When exhaust pipe 31 is hot from products ofcombustion, forward movement of the body 1 produces a heat-exchangingdowndraft through drum 32 and from opening 73. Thence the heated airrises to a high point of the backwardly sloping foredeck ceiling whereopening-closure 75 of intake 69 permits passage of this heated air,already waste heat, into duct 67 where it is caught into the current offresh outer air and carried into the drum 32 and again through opening73. When operated under parked conditions, airscoop 72 is closed and theheating system may then return to mere gravity circulation, air drawninto the opening 73 flowing from drum 32 via upper closable apertures76. Or opening-closure 77 may be adjusted to permit a desired mixture offresh outer air and heated interior air to flow into the blower fanhousing 71, the electric motor 79 is turned on by switch 78 and thedowndraft in drum 32 is thus mechanically maintained.

Great amounts of air may not be forced into the body with all thewindows and doors closed by the automatic means-described without at thesame time expelling an equal amount of air therefrom. Just as theforward movement of the body is utilized to force fresh air through theheat exchangers into the body, so the same means is used to suck airfrom the body to maintain a normal pressure of air therein. Ventilatingducts 66 at the lower ends have openings 79 and at the upper endsopenings 80 incomb or undercut roofstep 81. Theentire top and sideportions of shell 1 above front windows '15 slant backwardly andoutwardly and roofstep 81 extends from down one side and over the top todown the other side of this forward top portion of the shell. As thebody moves rap- :idlyforward a stream of air at high velocity passesover the top-and sides of roofs'tep 8110 create an area of subnormal airpressure or suction therebehind at '82 into which exhaust pipe 31 isvented. This provides a draft adequate for the removal of products ofcombustion. A

. retractible chimney top 83 coactive with upper end of pipe .31 will behereinafter described. Fresh air forced inat intake 68 meets airinthe'body'at normal pressure since an equal amount of "air issimultaneously being sucked from the body via openings 79 and 80. Bythis means, the .efiiciency ofthe heat exchange, dependent .on thedowndraft in drum 32, and adequate ventilation are maintained by theforward movement of the body and with closed doors and windows. Openingclosure 84 admits exterior air when desired near the feet of front seatoccupants.

; Bottoms of seats 23 are mounted on separate torquearms 85 fixed toiresilient torsion .rods 86 each having an opposite end anchored byiarm 87to 'fioor 74 whereby .the'back and bottom of each seat 23 move as a unitunder road shock. :Main floor 88 of the'lower story is rigidly supportedby the rigid backbone member '89 so that the upper surface of floor 88approaches very closely the approximate level of the hubs of front andrear roadwheels and the midpart of the backbone 89, also calledhereinafter chassis and fprimary'bottom frame member, has

a topsidedirectly under floor 88 and swaybackedbetween fore and aftwheels in a manner more fully hereinafter described. Front bumper 90attached to backbone 89protects storage compartment I-I under theforedeck and a rear bumper attached to backbone 89 projectsfrom powerdrive compartment I under the afterdeck and accessible by hatch 49.Opening closure 92 gives access to compartment'H from outside the body.Airscoops 93 back of a pairof rear wheelwells 94 spaced on oppositesides ofand at some distance from the back end of the body, carry airpicked up fin-transit throughv ducts 95 and this air passes throughradiator 96 into the area of lower pressure which extend on oppositesides of transverse -center 'axis T-i'l." o'f'shelll and-at oppositeendsceilin'g 100 is cut by diagonal Wells 1111 over the stairs betweenmain'floor 88 and opposite end decks. Storage space 102 in the stairwellslopes of 'the roof over the afterdeck is accessible by door 183.

Footbrake lever is indicated at 104, headlamps at 105,

' cylinders of prime mover at 106; exterior outlet fairing 107 for vent37. Pairs of roadwheels'108 with tires 109 and hubcaps 110 arepositioned fore and aft and snugly housed in wheelwells 94 and'94a.

Backbone member 89, as maybe noted in Fig. '4, comprises opposite sidemembers 111, such ,as rigid metal channels, very closely spaced 'onopposite sides of the longitudinal center axis 'j-kof the'body and aremade rigidly integral by upper and lower center plates 112, upper andlower front plates 113 and upper and lower rear plates 114, so as tohave a box-girder-like"rigidity. This backbone midpart is fixed betweenoutwardly tapered side portions of 'the body bottom and between pairs orfore and aft primary "frame parts 115, each pair consisting of behindbody 1. A similar pair of front wheelwells 94a are spaced on oppositesides of, and at some distance from the front end of the body, and thebottoms of the inner sides of both "pairs of iwheelwells are defined bythe bottomsides of backbone 89, the tops 94b of wheelwells protrudingsubstantially above the highest upwardly bowed'parts 89a of backbone 89.In order to insure suflicient road-clearance over rough terrain andsuflicient ground clearance when driving through fields and woods.for'such a low-slung body, the distance between front andrearwh'e'elwells does not exceed twice the body width and thebott'omsides of terminal parts of backbone 89 are above the topsideo'f'the midpartthe swaybacked midpart of backbone 89. (Note: Itisobvious that should it be desired to utilize a body in otherrespectssimilar to body shell 1' for atrailer drawn by truck tractor,storage compartment H could be shifted to the position of compartmen't Iand the space now occupied by compartment H could be used'for thesupporting hitch and rear end of truck tractor.)

The lower story is lighted by windows 15 and the upper story by glazedapertures 97 in the longitudinal skeletalbeam side members 98 of alantern roof having fiattish top 99. Ceiling 100 at storyheight abovemainfloor 88 comprises the actual bottoms of leglessbedlike berths '60parts a obliquely spaced in a single oblique plane that extends abruptlyupward from the topside of said midpart just behind the front wheelwellsand just ahead of the rear wheelwells to support terminal parts 115b ofthe chassis frame or backbone member 89. In my copending applicationparts here numbered 115a are described as upwardly forked and they arehereinafter claimed as upwardly diverging primary parts and they servenot only to give ample'clearance for the Wheel suspensionverticaldisplacements in rough transit, 'but they serve to give the'chassisitself an unusual degree-of torqueresistance,'torque applied on themidpart 89b from higher frame parts 115 tending not so much to twistmidpart 89b on its own axis as to rotate it on an axis running throughhigher frame parts 115, and this rotation being resisted by theoutwardly tapered side portions of the body bottom, by fioor 88 and bythe'outward bulging shape of opp'osite sides of the body adjacent floor88. Backbone midpart 8% somewhat resembles the keelson of a ship in itsbody-stiffening function and side members 111 are not parallel but areoutwardly bowed between plates 113 and 114 to provide rigid support fora fulcrum in a system of suspension common to the four wheels. Thissystem of suspension has features similar to those more fully describedin my Patents Nos. 2,346,123 and 2,525,988, and my co-pendingapplication Serial No. 170,897, filed June 28, 1950, now abandoned, butdiffering therefrom in that midpart 89bhousing suspension elementscommon to both front and rear pairs of roadwheels, is swaybacked betweensaid pairs.

Tilting beam 116 is mounted in lengthwise tapered slot 117 of backbonemidpart 89b to pivot on fulcrum 118 which lies in the transverse turningaxis lm of the backbone .89. The front end of beam 116 is rigidly joinedby yoke 119 to front suspension arms 120 and the rear end of beam 116 isrigidly joined by yoke 121 to rear suspension arms 122. Front suspensionarms carry steering joints 123 and stub axles 124, and rear suspensionarms have pivotal attachments 125 to the housing 126 for driving axles127. Hydraulic shock absorbers 128 damp relative movements of thesuspension arms to predetermined up and down movements in a radiuscentered on fulcrum 118. Rubber bushings around opposite ends of tiltingbeam 116 and between plates 113 and 114 are not here shown. Prime-mover130 with mainshaft 131 is geared through change-speed mechanism anddifferential 132 'to driving axles 127 and theback end of thispowerdrive unit is supportedby'transverse resilient member 133 andshackles 134 on and between rear terminal parts 115b. Front suspensionarms are operatively connected with torque-arms 135 of torsionstabilizer 136 mounted on bushings 137 transversely of front terminalparts 115b. Fuel storage tank 138 with filling inlet 139 is supported onthe backbone in counterbalance with waste-storage center of gravity low,

tank 8 and these tanks and their contents substantially below the topsof the roadwheels tend to serve as ballast in rough transit tocounteract topheaviness of the body when double berths 60 are occupiedhigh above the center of gravity of the body. It is to be noted thatmany of the heavier components of the housekeeping structure as hereindescribed also are concentrated wholly or in part below a line levelwith the intermediate end decks of the body and by means of thisballast-all serving, in addition to ballast, other useful purposes-thecenter of gravity for a body much higher than wide is kept below thatline.

In the chassis frame, principal crossmembers 140 taper outwardly andupwardly on opopsite sides of backbone 89, the deeper portions ofcrossmembers 140 being fixed to the backbone 89 as seen in Fig. 9. Incross section, crossmembers 140 in Fig. are shown as comprisingtriangular metal loops supporting decking 141 surfaced with floorcovering 142 such as linoleum or carpet. Under decking 141, crossmembers140 keyably support slabs 143 of lightweight ai'rcell insulation such ascork or a rigid foam of styrene resin or rubber. Outer ends ofcrossmembers 140 are fixed to sill members 144 which are supported inpart by the outwardly bowed and forwardly and rearwardly bowed (orbulging) side stiifeners or ribs 145 fixed in shell 1 to and in partsuspended from the topframe comprising longitudinal side members 98,crossties 146 and bracing blocks 147 which frame rectangular open areasin the roof structure, one NOPQ directly above front bedroom F andanother PQRS directly above rear bedroom G. It is at this point that thebody structure most deviates from common practice of superimposing thebody load directly on the sills to which the main wheel-suspensionelements (springs) are commonly attached.

As seen in Fig. 6, columns 21 directly support the topframe on backbone89, several columns 21 being fixed transversely of the body betweenfront wheelwells 94a, and several more similarly between rear wheelwells94. Outwardly bulging or bowed rib-like side and end stiffeners 145 andsill members 144 can, therefore, be in part suspended from the topframe.The primary body framework is thus spaced from outwardly bowedintermediate upright parts of opposite sides and opposite ends of theshell and in this framework four columns 21 stand at the corners of aspace having a rectangular horizontal cross section about half the widthof the body. In all, seven columns 21 are fixed between backbone andtopframe. Taken together as a unit, backbone columns and topframecomprise the inner framework that supports the outer shell on theroadwheels. Columns 21 may consist of relatively small diameter metaltubing since intermediate parts of each of the seven columns or postsare stiffened by web-like ties 22 fixed between said intermediate partsand the laterally spaced contiguous intermediate side and end parts ofshell 1. These ties, if vertical, thus become bulkheads or, ifhorizontal, become floors and ceilings. In this manner the structureachieves a body utilizing curvilinear contours to achieve the mosteffective use and stiffness from thin sheet material covering ribs 145,and the most torque-resistance with least weight: this weight beingunder 8 tons for the entire vehicle furnished as described, and this fora vehicle intended for high speeds on the highway and intended to bedriven off the highway and over rough terrain and thus being subject togreater twists and strains than a railcoach running on relatively smoothand level rails. To keep the it is to be noticed that the horizontalplane of greatest width and length is only slightly above the tops ofthe roadwheels, and below this plane the body is specially ballasted asdescribed.

The framework just described also includes intermediate joist 148supported by columns 21 substantially in the lengthwise center axis ofthe body at a level approximately midway between backbone and topframe.

The top edge of joist or web-like tie 148 supports the inner margin ofceiling having its outer margin fixed to horizontal stiffener149fixed-to side ribs for one side of body shell 1; the bottom edge ofjoist 148 supporting inner margin of ceiling having outer margins fixedto another horizontal stiffener 149 fixed to ribs 145 on the oppositeside of shell 1. Ribs 145 may be tubular or comprise elements formed inor joined to the rigid outer covering 10 of shell 1 like crossmembers140 in the floor structure shown in Fig. 5. Like the floor, 0ppositesides and ends of the shell are insulated with material like that shownas 143. In addition to the bracings against distortion described, thebody is also braced by the slight downward slope of the mainfioor fromopposite ends thereof and toward transverse turning axis I-m, and by theoppositely slanted stairways, and by an outward bulge in the shellextending horizontally completely around the body, and by end decksfitting into this bulge.

Ceiling 100 on one side of the longitudinal center axis j-k is at storyheight above mainfioor 88, whereas ceiling 150 is at less than saidheight from the inainfloor on the opposite side of the axis except abovebathroom E where the ceiling comprises the underside of dresser 63except for diagonal well 151 over the entrance into the bathroom fromthe afterdeck. Lengthwise ceiling 100 extends between diagonalstairwells 101 and comprises the actual bottoms of end-to-end doublelegless bedlike berths 60. The portions of said ceilings 100 directlyunder said berths or beds 60 may be termed bed platforms, the structuralelements 148, which may be rigid panels depending from the bedplatforms, stiffening said bed platforms in a manner that is joist-likeand serving to wall the passage or walkway extending along the longsidethe side of accessof beds 60. The clause depending from as here usedhas the meaning of extending downwardly from and it is seen in Fig. 9that panels 148 extend lengthwise of beds 60 and downwardly from the bedplatforms to the walkway. The trailer cross section in Fig. 18 may besimilarly described. Upper surface of ceiling 150 is the upper storyfloor and may be referred to as a second-story passage of human adulterect height or walkway of full standing height and berths 60 are atslightly more than normal bed height above this floor. Floor space inlounge A under ceiling 150 has ample head-height to permit easyoccupation of seats 14 and since these seats can only be used in seatingposture the lack of full story head-height in the Pullman dining nookwhich seats 14 provide is not disadvantageous. Not only this diningnook, but cabinet 3, storage closet 4 and the dresser, sink,refrigerator and washing machine fixed in kitchenette C under ceiling150 are directly accessible from the story-high areas under ceiling 100.The vertical space directly above the inner marginal parts of ceiling150 in the upper story of the body may be normally slightly less thanthe height of the average adult American male in erect posture where itis necessary to meet limitations on overall height in transit imposed bystatute. Even under such conditions, the central passage betweenopposite end decks in the upper story has ample head-height for womenand children of average height or less in erect posture, and for anyonein sitting or reclining postureindividual privacy being the main purposeof the bedrooms: individual privacy in the midst of group occupation ofthe total structure, and concentrated in the smooth-riding area betweenfront and rear road wheels.

Oif the highway the vertical space above the upper passage between thestairways is extensible by tilting upwardly either one or both closures152 for areas NOPQ and PQRS. Taken together, both closures 152 covermost of the upper passage and adjusting the closures upwardly increasesthe vertical space of the passage to more than the standing height ofthe adult male. Suitable flyscreens and/or apertured side curtains (notshown) may be fastened over the openfgap thus formed between fixed partsof the roof and the upwardly adjusted closures 152 and the ventilationand'lightin g of the second 'story greatly increased. Or transparentportions 153 may be'provided in closures 152 for this purpose.

Heat that has risen to top of ceiling 100 may flow through openingclosures or registers 154 to escape through apertures 97 or raisedclosures I52. Risers in front and rear stairs are inclined 'at an angleto increase treaddepth and t reduce the waste space usually found underStairways; I Retractible chimney top 83 is shown in'Fi'g. 7 in raisedposition as suited to use off the highway, but in Fig. 8, radius rindicates how the chimney top 83 is turned down to retracted positionshown in Fig. behind comb '81 and between openings 155 in'r'oofstepwhich serve in transit to ventilate the upper story. In the retractedposition, orifice 156 in smoke pipe 31 is open in an area of subnormalair pressure or suction as described back of said comb in transit.

Fuel oil tank 157 is disposed under stairway and between inner sides offront wh'eelwells 94a. Ventilating-ducts 66 may be used to suck airfromor carry fresh air into the body by adjusting the trailing edge 163of the sides of comb 81 as shown-in enlarged detail in Fig. 11 and Fig.12 where the trailing edge 163 is seen to comprise a V-fiap with pivot164 between outer wing 165 and inner wing 166. H Edge 167 of the outerwing rests normally on flange 168 and'flush with roof 169' forwardly ofthe flap. The inner wing has closable but normally fopen apertures 170and edge 1 7'1 fit'sagainst shoulder 1-72 "in roof 169. When the "flap'is in the position shown in Fig. 1l,'forward motion of the body causesthe airstream to flow at super-normal pressure over roof 169 indirection of the arrow. The resulting sub-normal pressure created backof wing draws air from the interior of the body through opening 79 atlower end of duct 66 and upwardly and outthrough apertures "170. Closethese apertures and" tilt flap to'positio'n shown in Fig. 1-2 and air atsuper-normal pressure is diverted downwardly through duct 66 and outthrough opening 79 into the body. This flap permits meeting the directlyopposite conditions encountered in winter and summer driving.

Lavatory, sink and laundry tubs are connected through trap 173 and pipe1'74 with waste tank 8 and the bathing receptacle is sufficiently raised"above the bottom crossmembers 140 to be i'ns'ula te'dan'd drain intothe waste tank. Another wastetank 175 may serve the toiletstool 'toretain solid wastes temporarily. When the body is parked, all utilitiesavailable at a parking site, such as water under pressure, electricity,telephone and sanitary sewer, may be simply joinedto all utilitiesavailable in the body by-a unitary utilities connector (not'sho'wn) suchas I described in Popular Science in 'the issue ofAugust 1934. Intransit and when temporarily parked, tank 8 receives all fluid wastes ina sanitary m'annerand vented by stack 9 till they can be suitablyvoided;-and.it is obvious that availability of theprime mover in anautomotive dwelling and housekeeping-structure provides means, when farfrom essential utilities,"for pumping a supply of waterinto the tan-ksdescribed, 0fproducingelectricity for lights, radio and motors andutiliiing the waste heat of the prime-mover for space-heating and otherpurposes. Figs. 13-18 illustrate modific'ations'of thehousekeepingstruct'ure thus far described as'particularlysuit'edto aroad-vehicle having road-wheels fore and aft and a body auto-propulsiveand capsule-shaped in horizontal section. Here Figures 13*18emphasizemodifications that simplify and cheapen thehousekeepin'gstructure as above described the better to adapt it to the mobileshelter 'needs' of'thepresent national emergency: thus, a housekeepingstructure without auto-propulsion and having for an "outer housing aroad vehicle body supported on tandem "pairs of roadwheels andhav inga'trailer'coach hitch and in transit dimensions notexceedingthoselegalffor com- 'rnon passage on the public highway. In 'thesedrawingshousekeeping structure and road vehicle body housing shown in Figs. 13and '14 is rectangular. Body 1' is made found in the drawings hereinpreviously described except for the addition of a prime signifying thatWhile I largely and nearly alike, the parts are not identical. Thus,only vital modifications and specific differences-and improvements needto be specially pointed out .in thealternate structure. I I

For easier manufacture, the horizontal section of the according to theinvention to have the primary essentials of 'asanitary housekeepingstructure concentrated closely on opposite sides of the transversecenter body axisgt-t, including that end of lounge A entered by door 2?scarcely more than the doors width from that axis. "Forg ward deck B isup only a single riserfrommain'fioor 8'8" and is part of lounge A whichextends lengthwise wholly on one side of axis t-t and has dining nook ofthePullman type 176 consisting of seats 14 facing opposite sides ofdemountable table 16, the backcushio'ns 1.9"being combinable withbottoms of seats 14' to form double berth 176a between storage closet 4and transverse bookshelves 177 open between nook 176 and deck 3' belowceiling 150'. On opposite side of axis tt kitchenette'Cf hasstoragecloset 178 inaddition to most of the other components described andleads to deck D by single riser: deck D being here a child's room with abuilt-in tilt-down bed in a backward bulge of the end of the bodyand'storage closet 179 in space formerly occupied by bathroom E. Inplace of the two stairways 20 and in opposite ends of body, beyondwheelwells 94 and 94a, here a stairs 1800f four risers in axis t-trisestolanding 181 and to door a into lavatory *E'. From same land, ing 181,short oppositely .inclined' flights 182 of stairs lead up to two moredoors, one into front bedroom F and the other into rear bedroom G onopposite'sides of axis t -t and each bedroom comprising a dresser,chair, storage'space much as previously described and each bedroomhaving a double berth the bottom of which is coincidental with ceilingextending at story height above the upper surface of floor 88. Thisfloor at the I lowest level of floors at several levels in body ,1extends over swaybacked topside of backbone 89 and floors. for bedroomsF and G constitute or are closely directly above ceilings which are atless than story height above floor 88. Since the space'directly underceiling 150 is utilized fully by components of less than story height:i. e., bookshelves 177, dining nook 176, the three closets 4, 178 and179 and the dresser worktop 39', sink 40 and mechanical washer with tub42", all directly available from areas of full story height, no realloss of'floor area is occasioned by lowness of ceiling 150'. Change oflavatory E to entrance off stairs landing 181 also in axis tt, makes itpossible for occupants of beds in four different rooms: i. e., bedroomsF and 'G, lounge A and afterdeck room D, to go to lavatory E and backwithout need of passing through these four rooms by any except theoccupants thereof, kitchen C and a stairwell at the foot of and abovestairs and landing 181'serving'asa common passage from each of thefourrooms to the'lavatory. Storage closet 183 having its bottom cutdiagonally by the stairwell stands between bedrooms G and F. I Thealternate body structure of Figs. 13-18 closely resembles that describedwith the following differences. Swaybacked backbone 89 extends from rearbumper 184 to and into front end trailer hitch 185 and in the samevertical plane as the longitudinal center axis jk throughout its entirelength. Instead of 7 posts 21 be-.

tween backbone and topframe, here six posts 21 are concentrated betweenand'extend below the tops of wheel- -wells 186 centrally of body 1', thewheelwells housing two pairs of roadwheels 108 each supported for rota-"tion-at the swinging end of torque-arm 187 having its opposite endkeyed to torque rods (not shown) in tubular casing 188 in a mannersimilar to that described in claim 11 of my Patent No. 2,194,964, andcasing 188 passing through swaybacked midpart 189 of backbone 89 andhaving opposite ends supported by bottom frame members 190 which formthe lower inner sides of wheelwells 186 and have opposite ends fixed toand between a pair o f crossmembers 140. The topside of midpart 189 isone riser lower than terminal parts 191 supporting fore and after decksB and D and this permitsthe upper surface of mainfioor 88 extending oversaid topside to be suspended at a general level at least 6" lower thanaverage while maintaining ground clearance under end decks B and Dgreater than the average found in todays trailer coaches. This isachieved by the abruptly upward-extending slants 192 given primary partsof backbone 89 beyond opposite ends of swaybacked midpart 189 thereof.Unlike slants given adjacent one end of todays automotive chassismembers to achieve added vertical space for the displacements of drivingaxles, slants 192 serve the primary purpose of achieving greater groundclearance in passage over rough terrain under end portions of thechassis than under intermediate parts thereof. Four posts 21 supportupper framework directly on swaybacked midpart 189, the upper frameworkincluding crossties 146 fixed between side members 98.

As seen in Fig. 17, backbone 89 consists of two principal members: uppermember 193 and lower member 194: in this instance, both being metalchannels spaced back to back and fixed immediately above and belowmidsections of crossmembers 140 which are also metal channels extendingbetween sill members 144. On the upper flange of crossmembers 140 arefastened spaced nailer members 195 to which floor 88 is secured. Shouldsteel for channel crossmembers 14-0 and sill angles 144" becomeunavailable, due to the emergency, hardwood cross members may besubstituted for the channels and angles and the floor given a slightcrown extending in axis '---k for added stiffness (not shown). Upon theplatform of this chassis substructure, the superstructure of studs 196holding outer facing 10' and inner covering 197 are secured.

Tilt-down bed 198 is shown in retracted position in bulging end of bodyin childs room (deck D). Door 199 swinging on post 21 in axis jkseparates the kitchen and cooking means from the stairwell between thekitchen and lounge A. From Figs. 13 and 14 it is seen that each of thefive compartments A, C, E, F and G have doorways on a single passagewhich permits direct private passage erectly from any one of said fivecompartments to and into another without invading the privacy of theother three compartments.

Fig. 18 shows the two-story structure of body 1 with lower and upperpassages of story height, lettered X and Y respectively, passage Yextending between upperstory body portions Z having less thanstory-height bordering opposite sides of upper passage Y at differentlevels, the bed 60 with structural sides 148 supporting ceiling 100covering substantially all the bottom of each secondstory bed 60 atstory height above lower-story portions of the body. A pair of adjacentbeds 60 are separated by stairwell 101. Steps 182 and landing 181 may bedescribed collectively as a length of upper passage Y extending at lowerlevels between ends of beds 60'. Opposite ends of upper passage Ycomprise floor on ceiling 150 and extending to the side of body acrosspassage Y from beds 60 in the less than story-high second-storybody-portions Z bordering opposite sides of passage Y at differentlevels on opposite sides of lavatory E. Off landing 181 is fixed portion51 of floor of the smallest room in the body. lavatory E, most of thefloor area thereof being made up of sequentially openable floor sections52 resting on flange 53' of body-bathing receptacle 53", here afive-foot tub fixed below level of floor 51 and above wells forroadwheels 108. In other respects 12 the structure follows thatpreviously described except that for clarity, posts 21 have beenomitted. Stairwell 101 separates berth-like beds 60.

From this description, it is apparent that the structure achieves eachof the stated objects of the invention. My housekeeping structure, asherein defined, specifically differentiates from the automotive campingvehicles and housecars of prior art by concentrating all essentials forfamily housekeeping and individual privacy closely on opposite sides ofthe transverse center axis of a sway-backed bottom frame and directlyabove the swaybacked central midportion thereof. It effectivelyseparates the cooking means from those other parts of the structuredevoted to the other activities of family dwelling thereby implementingevery housekeeping need for a family of twice average American sizewhether in swift movement over a smooth highway or in passage over roughterrain.

Because of my invention it is no longer necessary to strive towardhigher standards of individual privacy in group habitation by increasingthe length of road vehicle bodies, such as trailer coaches, to the pointwhere they become a hazard on the public highway. As many as four doubleberths, each berth in a room wholly separated and spaced from the othersby a kitchen, a stairwell and lavatory, provides in a manner nowheretaught by the prior art for that particular combination of facilitiesfor group intimacy and individual privacy in family habitation whichhave become in America the primary essential of civilized domesticity.By my invention, a housekeeping structure is achieved that can providefor the temporary emergency dwelling needs of a nation threatened by warand atomic annihilation of our congested urban centers and this in avehicle not exceeding dimensions legal of common passage on the highway,yet having means implementing a greater degree of individual privacythan is today possible in 2-3-4 room urban apartments costing much moreand requiring the use of more critical materials and manpower. Thus, bymy invention and the modifications and improvements herein described, Ihave provided a form of shelter so compact, yet so effectivelysubdivided by parts of the furniture" and the like, and so well heatedand ventilated and equipped with sanitary facilities as to constitute atruly new form of shelter.

Study of the prior art fails to discover a single instance of theseveral compartments of a sanitary and spacesaving family housekeepingstructure having sizes approaching those commonly accepted as minimalfor health and decency in fixed houses, and of these compartments beingconcentrated in the smooth-riding zone between the back of the frontwheels and the front of the rear wheels of a road vehicle. Yet even thisis possible in my structure by an increase in length of as little as 46ft. It is recognized that swaybacked bottoms have been proposed for railvehicles where there was no problem of ground clearance in passage overrough terrain, but the novelty of my structure resides in concentratinga space-saving housekeeping structure in the swaybacked midpart of aroad-vehicle much higher than wide while maintaining adequate stability,road clearance and torqueresistance for my structure when driven off thehighway and over rough terrain.

The invention makes possible for the first time a housesizedhousekeeping structure intended to be wholly completed in the factory,delivered on its own power or towed as a trailer behind a family car (ashas been done with a prototype of this structure, a unit which has beenlived in summer and winter constantly for the past ten years), and soldand financed without land entanglement, used with a minimum ofmanipulation, repossessed, traded in and resold exactly like a motorcar.My invention not only implements the current need for large numbers ofhousekeeping structures for temporary emergency use, but it provides anadequate type of shelter for our growing mobility, our growing use ofleisure in vacationing farfrom the maddening crowd. And finally, in anatomic era, when the threat of attack hangs over our congested areas, myhousekeeping structureprovides a mobile form of dwelling that can stayparked as long as it behooves the occupants interests to remain or thatcan vacate areas immediately threatened with atomic attack andeffectively house the diffusion which is being recogniz ed'as the onlyeffective life-saver in an atomic era.

The drawings, being illustrative only, are more or less diagrammatic incharacter to show the preferred relation of the parts to the whole andit is to be observed that changes may be made in certain parts withoutvitally altering the character of the whole or departing from the spiritand scope of the invention as set'forth in the appended claims, and itwill be understood that any of the variants and modifications in thestructure of my housekeeping structures described-may be used separatelyor in any desired combination and that all changes which come within themeaning and range of-equivalency of the'claims are therefore intended tobe embraced therein.

Having thus broadly defined and fully described my invention, itsutility both when in use in swift passageof a public'highway and whenparked over rough terrain, and its novel structure, what I claim anddesire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In a housekeepingstructure having a road vehicle bottom, pairs ofsill members spaced on each of opposite sides of said bottom, and asingle keelson-like backbone fixed between opposite end portions of thebottom and in the lengthwise center axis thereof, and widely spacedcross-members fixed between said pairs, each crossmember having amidportion caughtthroug'h a transversely open space between rigid topand bottom longitudinalmembers of the backbone, and a floor-oversaidbackbone and said cross-members.

2. A house-trailer comprising "a body having primary ground support onroad-wheels each positioned rearward of the transverse center axis ofthe body, the vertical space between thetop and bottom of the bodyatsaid axis of more than one but less than 'two stories, and said bottomincluding a chassis frame having a topside at difierent levelslengthwise of the body, the upper of said levels abruptly directlydescending to a swaybacked'lower level extending fore and aft of saidroadwheels, a berth fixed well above the center of gravity of the body,a ceiling for a story-high division of the body on one side of saidaxis, a stairway in said axis and leading "to a-floor alongside saidberth andsubstantially below said ceiling, and the bottom of said berthsupporting said ceiling.

3. In a housekeeping road vehicle, a body having 'between-two majorstory-high subdivisions'of room size a stairway rising to a landing fromwhich straight ahead an opening closure gives access to a story-highlesser subdivision, and from which landing, to right and left, steps andrisers lead to floors fixed well below ceilings for such majorsubdivisions; said lesser subdivision housing a sanitary fixture above afloor having sequentially removable sections resting on a flange of abody-bathing receptacle; and berths extending alongside said floors andhaving side members supporting said ceilings.

4. A pair of adjacent berth-like beds, substantially all the bottomsthereof comprising a ceiling at story height in lower-story portions ofa two-story housekeeping road vehicle for common highway transit, onebed of said pair separated from the other by, and having one long sideof access along, means of erect adult passage extending betweenupper-story body portions having less than story height borderingopposite sides of said passage at different levels, the other bed ofsaid pair having one long side accessible from another length of saidpassage at the same general level below said ceiling.

5. A pair of berth-like beds well above the center of gravity of atwo-story road vehicle body for common highway transit, said beds eachhaving one long side of access along a passage of adult walking heightextending between second-story body portions having less than adultwalking height bordering opposite sideso'f said passage atdilferent'levels, nearly all the bottom of each of said beds beingsubstantially coincidental with the ceiling of a lower-story portion ofthe body of story height, and one of said beds separated from the otherbed by the width of a stairwell for means of passage, T-shaped in plan,extending between said lower-story portion of the body and saidsecond-story body portions.

'6. The structure of claim 5 wherein the center of gravity of said bedsis lowered by a chassis .frame having a sway-backed midpart extending onopposite sides of said stairwell.

7. The structure of claim 5 wherein said center of gravity is lowered bya body bottom comprisingpairs of sill members, the components of each ofsaid .pairs being spaced on opposite sides of said bottom and extendingat different levels ahead of and behind roadwheels supporting saidstructure, the topsides of .said sills near said roadwheels extending atgeneral levels below the higher level sills space-d further from saidroadwheels and the lower topsides of said sills abruptly upwardextending to said higher level sills.

8. A two-story housekeeping structure in a road-vehicle body notexceeding dimensions legal of common passage'on the public highway, saidstructure comprising an upper passage extending well below lower-storyceilings of story height and vertically accommodating erect adultposture between second-story portions of the body of less than storyheight bordering opposite sides-of said passage at different levels, apair of second storybe'rths resting'on said ceilings, and said bodysubdivided into --five dwelling compartments ofhouse-trailer room size,'eachroom having for one wall the exterior wall of the body pierced by awindow, and the smaller of said compartments secludedly housing asanitary receptacle of bathroom fixture type, said upper passage beingconnected with a lower-story passage of story height to ,give privateaccess to said smaller compartment and said receptacle from each of theother four larger compartmentswithout invasion of' privacy of the otherthree compartments.

9. In the body of a mobile dwelling not exceeding a size legal forcommon highway transit as a road vehicle and having separate upper andlower story compartments, said upper story and lower story compartmentsincluding portions of full standing height and portions of less thanfull standing height, bed platforms in said portion's of said upperstory compartments-of less-than full standing height serving as bottomsfor said upper story compart-rnents and ceilings for the said portionsof said-lower story compartments of full standing height, beds on 'saidplatforms, said upper story compartments having a walkway of fullstanding height extending alongside said beds lengthwise thereof ata'level lower than saidplat- 'fior'ms, panels extending fromsaid bedplatforms down to "said walkway and extending lengthwise of said bedsstiffening said platforms and serving to wall said walkway of fullstanding height below said platform, components of another bed in one ofsaid lower story compartment portions of less than full standing height,a sanitary receptacle of the bathroom fixture type secludedly housed inone of said body portions of full standing height, and means of privatepassage of full standing height extending between said secludedly housedsanitary receptacle and said compartments housing said beds and said bedcomponents.

10. In a two-story housekeeping road vehicle having upper and lowerstory compartments and partitions be tween the compartments, said upperand lower story compartments including portions of full standing heightand portions of less than full standing height, bed platforms in saidportions of said upper story compartments of less than full standingheight serving as bottoms for said upper story compartments and ceilingsfor said portions of said lower story compartments of full standingheight,

beds on said platforms, said upper story compartments having a walkwayof full standing height extending alongside said beds lengthwise thereofat a level lower than said platforms, a length of said walkway in one ofsaid upper story compartments extending directly between two of saidupper story portions of less than full standing height borderingopposite sides of said walkway, panels extending from said bed platformsdown to said walkway and a pair of said partitions extending in spacedrelation between two of said beds to increase the privacy between theoccupants thereof.

11. In a two-story housekeeping road vehicle for common highway transitand having upper and lower story compartments, said upper and lowerstory compartments including portions of full standing height andportions of less than full standing height, bed platforms in saidportions of said upper story compartments of less than full standingheight serving as bottoms for said upper story compartments and ceilingsfor said portions of said lower story compartments of full standingheight, beds on said platforms, said upper story compartments having awalkway of full standing height extending alongside said beds lengthwisethereof at a level lower than said platforms, a length of said walkwayin one of said upper story compartments extending directly between twoof said upper story portions of less than standing height borderingopposite sides of said walkway, and panels extending from said bedplatforms down to said walkway and extending lengthwise of said bedsstifliening said platforms and serving to wall said walkway of fullstanding height below said platforms.

12. The structure of claim 11 wherein other of said second-storyportions having less than story height comprise enclosures for clothesof the clothes closet and dresser types extending across said passagefrom said beds.

13. The structure of claim 11 wherein another of said second-storyportions having less than story height comprises a floor area mergingwith said passage across from one of said beds and of sufiicient size tosupport a legged chair directly accessible from said passage.

14. The structure of claim 11 wherein a midpant of said upper passagecomprises means of passage directly to said lower story portions of fullstanding height.

15. A two-story housekeeping road vehicle body for common highwaytransit and having upper and lower story compartments and partitionsbetween the compartments, said upper and lower story compartmentsincluding portions of full standing height and portions of less thanfull standing height, bed platforms in said portions of said upper storycompartments of less than full standing height serving as bottoms forsaid upper story compartments and ceilings for the said portions of saidlower story compartments of full standing height, beds on saidplatforms, said upper story compartments having a walkway of fullstanding height extending alongside said beds lengthwise thereof at alevel lower than said bed platforms, two of said partitions extending inspaced relation crosswise of the body in the upper story between saidbeds, panels extending from said bed platforms down to said walkway andserving to wall said walkway of full standing height below saidplatforms, each of five of said compartments having a doorway in one ofsaid partitions, and a passageway of full standing height extendingdirectly between the five doorways to permit private passage from anyone of said five compartments to and into another thereof withoutinvading the privacy of the other three compartments.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS D.148,807 MacDonald Feb. 24, 1948 424,475 Harriman Apr. 1, 1890 1,021,124-Wolfi Mar. 26, 1912 1,096,174 Jones May 12, 1914 1,197,074 SteffansSept. 5, 1916 1,217,174 Hedley et al Feb. 27, 1917 1,658,110 Warren Feb.7, 1928 1,796,112 McArthur Mar. 10, 1931 1,798,542 Koch et a1 Mar. 31,1931 2,074,354 Ash Mar. 23, 1937 2,141,781 Allen Dec. 27, 1938 2,144,889Moodie Jan. 24, 1939 2,173,727 Ramstrum Sept. 19, 1939 2,228,732 R-abeIan. 14, 1941 2,247,273 Blomberg June 24, 1941 2,247,340 Webster June24, 1941 2,346,123 Willson Apr. 4, 1944 2,455,429 Lucien Dec. 7, 19482,497,072 Cooper Feb. 14, 1950 2,577,836 Willson Dec. 11, 1951 2,589,894Ten Eyck Mar. 18, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS 547,342 Germany Mar. 31, 1932183,092 Switzerland June 2, 1936 OTHER REFERENCES Article, ShapeEngineering, in The Architectural Forum, January 1943, pgs. 5960.

Article, Structural Mobility: Two-Story Mobile House, in TheArchitectural Record, I uly 1936, pgs. 64-65.

Camp Car, in Motor Vehicle Monthly of November 1927, pg. 32.

Custom Built House Car, in Autobody and Reconditioned Car, of June 1941,vol. XX, No. 6, pgs. 16 and 32.

Nitecoach," article, in Motor Vehicle Monthly" of September 28, 1928,vol. 64, No. 6, pgs. 21-23.

Article, A Motorlounge, in The Autocar" of December 18, 1936, page 1212.

